Free-operant escape-avoidance of noise by rats1
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چکیده
منابع مشابه
Safety signals as instrumental reinforcers during free-operant avoidance.
Safety signals provide "relief" through predicting the absence of an aversive event. At issue is whether these signals also act as instrumental reinforcers. Four experiments were conducted using a free-operant lever-press avoidance paradigm in which each press avoided shock and was followed by the presentation of a 5-sec auditory safety signal. When given a choice between two levers in Experime...
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D. G. Luchinsky,1,2 R. S. Maier,3,4 R. Mannella,5 P. V. E. McClintock,1 and D. L. Stein4,3 1Department of Physics, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YB, United Kingdom 2Russian Research Institute for Metrological Service, Ozernaya 46, 119361 Moscow, Russia 3Department of Mathematics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 4Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 8...
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Approach-avoidance paradigms create a competition between appetitive and aversive contingencies and are widely used in nonhuman research on anxiety. Here, we examined how instructions about threat and avoidance impact control by competing contingencies over human approach-avoidance behavior. Additionally, Experiment 1 examined the effects of threat magnitude (money loss amount) and avoidance co...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior
سال: 1974
ISSN: 0022-5002
DOI: 10.1901/jeab.1974.22-219